What is sciatica?

Pain or numbness radiating down the back of the leg often signals sciatic nerve irritation. The sciatic nerve is the body's longest nerve, running from the lower spine through the buttocks and down each leg. When this nerve becomes irritated or compressed, it produces the characteristic symptom pattern commonly called sciatica.

Sciatica is not a diagnosis itself but rather a set of symptoms pointing to an underlying cause. Common sources include spinal misalignment (subluxations), bulging or herniated discs, piriformis muscle tightness, or inflammation around the nerve root. The pain may feel sharp, burning, or electrical, and often affects only one side of the body. Numbness, tingling, or weakness in the affected leg are typical accompanying sensations.

Understanding sciatica matters because its causes vary. A chiropractor evaluates spinal alignment, nerve function, and muscular tension to identify whether the irritation stems from vertebral misalignment, disc involvement, or muscle-nerve compression. Some cases resolve with postural adjustments and spinal care, while others require referral to other providers. The condition can range from mild discomfort to severe pain that limits daily activity, making accurate assessment and appropriate care planning essential.